Information Systems in Retail and Fashion: Zara

info Systems in Retail and Fashion ZaraFashion application is 1 of the most competitive securities industrys with m any(prenominal) competitions amidst companies and brands. Among those, Zara from Inditex has stood out as a unique organization with special knowledge and abilities in revolutionary anyow for chance, processes, trouble style and implementation of culture and Information applied science. This report aims to analyse the background and the contribution of Information System and Information Technology in this mastery. entreRecently Inditex, the p atomic number 18nt company that owns Zara, has received crude members to the Board of Directors who live vast experience and knowledge of finance. However they have itsy-bitsy understanding closely the Fashion Industry and Information Technology. The intention of the side by side(p) report is to give the bleak members a concise overview of the trend industry, Zara and the importance of the relation they have wi th Information Technology. In nightspot to do that, this report go away cover topics such as, the Fashion Industry, the supremacy of Zara in the Fashion Industry, the importance of Supply central point in Zaras success and the make use of of Information Technology in Zaras fashion business model.BODYFashion a competitive industryThe fashion world is really complex it is not all about the appearance. There are many factors which contribute to the fashion industry such as culture, style, creativity and many much.The fashion world is competitive because variant citizenry have varied taste. vexationes wants to capture the trend to suit peoples desire before their competitors. The clothing reflects on the personality and sign of the person, which therefore creates options for businesses as they can choose their preferred target.This could also be due to the culture impact as this is where a persons personality is developed. This is one reason as to why the fashion industry produces different type yields.Also businesses depends on the BIG BRAND fashion shows, so they can create new styles which are similar to those seen on the show to attract more customers. Also businesses needs to be able to keep up with the trend in order stratify their customers, as fashion world changing frequently.Clothes can reflect on your social status which can be clearly delineate in the word brand. Brand is an additional reason which makes the fashion world competitive. Rich people will feel good to have luxury goods which are called big brands because their status are reflected upon these. Well known brands present their product as high quality. Therefore the middle level brand and non brand forms, encourages people with lower purchasing power to buy clothes. Consequently anyone is able to buy clothes they desire.Success of ZaraZara is considered to be one of the pioneers of fast fashion industry and has been dictatorial the fashion industry across the world for almo st two decades. Some aspects that happen to Zaras success are as followsZara is able to adapt to the changing securities industry trends very quickly and recreate the customer demands establish on the research on current market trends.One of the important key factors that were essential for the success of Zara was, they had their art head quarters with designers, factories and distribution centres all onsite. While most of the competitors moved Far East for much cheaper production, Zara decided to make the clothes at Spain to reduce the lead clippings and could also make the clothes faster and get them to stores at much faster rate.An separate aspect is to fork out littler amounts to each store and monitor which design sold more and produce the design that makes the maximum sale, instead of holding stocks at inventory. The store managers take the caper of monitoring the design which sells more and transform it to production managers and they decide how many garments are to be manufactured and transported to the local shops.Zara maintained a short lead time to keep up with the fast fashion supply chain and always a step ahead when compared with its competitors. From the indentifying step to nett product only take 30-days.Key processes and Information Systems contributionThe important processes areOrdering is done based on current market trends and customer feedbacks.Designing based on the orders given.Manufacturing After manufacturing the clothes are sent to the distribution centres.Distribution From the distribution centres the garments are sent to the stores.Improvement of process victimisation ITIt saves lot of timeHandwork is bring downInformation flow being made easierInformation is kept in the computer databaseInformation Systems and Information TechnologyUnlike other companies have to spend large amount of money to unclutter advantages from Information Technology and then pay more money to maintain it, Inditex invests very little on Informatio n System which is referred to simple Technologies Application at Inditex are written and maintained by an IT staff of 50, which accounts for less than 0.5% of the companys workforce (McAfee, A 2004). calve of Zaras Information System focuses on the communication between its retailers stores and the head-quarter in La Corua. Every store of Zara is equipped with the PDAs and DOS based point-of-sales (POS) software so that every order from customer will transfer directly to the head-quarter for analysis purposes. This t pressk is also used for collecting customer comments and opinions on styles and design thus will be used to incite the design team to provide exactly products that meet the real-time needs of markets demand.Another use of Information System in Zara is that the stores manager can order goods concerned to quantitative and design which they think will sell shell for their local markets. However, this information transferring process is not using more complex technology than dial-up internet to transmit the information twice a week.Also, based on the Annual Report for Stakeholders (2007) Inditex mentioned the implementation of Store Management Terminal (SMT) at every store to strengthen the communication at heart store, warehouse and care department.Another recent implementation of Information System is the profits Store (www.ZaraHome.com) which is brought out as receiving online orders and feedbacks from customers.Besides that, computer aided design and computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) that converts designs into tangible products. Designers use the CAD/CAM to quickly make the final products based on customers demands.Role of Information System and Information TechnologyOne of the particular characteristic, known as a unique and a pioneer, of Zara is reduced time in whole process from customers demands to shipping fulfilled products to stores, supply chain. Like fashion shows in Paris, Zara uses this fashion to draw the designs, transmit t hese designs to Spain, and finalise them within 15 days whereas, this process takes about six weeks for other competitors do, according to Folpe (2000). One of the methods of reducing lead time is the implementation of Information TechnologyZara staffs have to use Information System in this processComputer hardware and software are used to design and store design patterns.Computers and internet are used to transmit these designs to Spain.Computers and internet are used to communicate emails, VoIP, video conferences.Information Technology is used to monitor, manage, and process whole process of making products.The robotic body in factory is used to cut fabrics, software or program is used to control robot in terms of cutting fabrics, printing anatomy on products, packing clothes, and controlling conveyer belts as well.Information trunk is also used to communicate with suppliers where to get corporeals, with divisions of operation inside the factory to run whole process effectivel y and efficiently, and with distributors for shipping as well.As part of the important processes. Recording feedbacks from customers is crucial. And it has been strengthened by the implementation of Information Technology.As Jessup and Valacich (2008) express that Information System/ Technology can help to do things faster, snap off, smarter. Zara has considered as successful example of information and technology ethically.Could Zara be successful without Information Technology?Many companies in the fashion industry are based on a demand-driven and network based supply chain where data-flow and effectiveness oral communication of products are crucial to success. This success in the fashion industry cannot be achieved without a significant investment Information technology. Information technology overcomes communication barriers and helps to interconnect all the entities in the supply chain by sharing information. These facts demonstrate the important role that a proper Informatio n technology investment has in the success of an organization in the fashion industry.Recommended improvement in Information Technology and Information SystemMore effective improvements in Information System could support Zara as it could support the relationship and communication with other companies and within Zara. These advantages can be done by the implementation of new Information Technology and Information SystemMaintaining the producing process always stay at the top performance by supporting stock supplying by means of better understanding with the material suppliers, scheduling the delivery time more efficient, or technical support immediate associate with manufacturing engines problems.Supporting expanse and off-shoring decision by make positive(predicate) the head-quarter can monitoring the business as well as understanding the new market through analysing sales and customers feedbacks.Investment in building cloak-and-dagger information network within the organization will maximise the ability of flowing of information, efficient management and better tribute.Security in ZaraData resort In case of system crashed or any thread that can destroy data. Inditexs report (2007) written there are contingency systems in the caseful of computer stoppage, with double equipment and data storage in a different location to the main Centre, which would reduce the consequences of a breakdown or stoppage to a margin of just a few hours.Information security By using of hardware and software, Zara can avoid destruction of virus, stealing from spyware.Operation safety ruse Robotics system does not only cut down time of process but also limit accidents that may cause by workers mistakes.Transaction security any payment from customers paid by cards need to be secured and any online transaction as well.Communication amongst branches make sure that communication system amongst branches around the world is uninterrupted.The role of supply chain managementSince fash ion tendencies are short-lived, the success of a company in the fashion industry lies on its ability to meet demand and reply quickly to fluctuations and change (Strategic Direction, 2005). This success is only mathematical if an excellent agile supply chain management system is present to respond to these demands.Supply Chain Management is an approach to control and join together all the activities, it also improves the connection between all the entities in the chain supply, by the linkage of all the departments leads to fast and proper delivery of high quality products. Liz Barnes and Gaynor Lea-Greenwood (2006) stated that management strategy moves to achieve success and respond demands along with fluctuations in the market Just-in-Time, agile supply chain and quick responsive systems.Just-in-time , according to Bruce (2004), is a term in that defines the ( delivery of finished goods to meet demand without carrying up movement supply chain inventory , but in time to meet mark et demand. This is retailer driven concept aimed at reducing costs for businesses in the supply chain).Agile Supply Chains, the concept of agility in the supply chain management is centred on responsiveness (Christopher et al., 2004) as it was mention before the fashion industry is unstable and unpredictable, therefore the ability of being responsive in this industry is a crucial factor for any companys success. It was proposed by Harrison (Christopher et al, cited in Harrison 1999) that an agile supply chain has the following characteristicsMarket sensitive the capability of read and respond to real demand and capturing emerging trends by analysing point-of-sale data from customers feedback.Virtual an agile supply chain is virtual for the reason that connects and shares information on real demand between all the partners in the supply chain, this contributes to collaborative planning.Network-based it means working closely with other specialists, for instance Zara, which assigns all its finishing stages of manufacturing to small subcontractors.Process aligned is the ability of an agile supply chain to have a high degree of process interconnectivity and cooperation between network members.Quick response is a key strategy in the fast fashion market that focuses on the ability of an organisation to provide the customer the same quantity of different range of high quality products at the counterbalance time, the right place and the right price. This is achieved because of the real-time customer/ consumer demand system, where the clients feedback influences decisions in the manufacturing, distribution and speed of delivery processes.Risky in supply chance managementZaras current model of supply chain has endured for more than two decades and has generated multiple successes for the company. On the other hand, this approach could create some risks for the company. Michael A. Lewis (2004) explores what could be a possible risk in the supply chain Zara is characteriz ed by exclusivity and maintaining limited supply, consequently for instance, a costumer that often buy at Zara finds a new product but is in limited supply, this customer likes what he wants but feels pressure because if it does not get it immediately, it is certain that it will lose the chance to purchase it in the near future. As a consequence some of Zaras costumers will be left out.E-commerce for ZaraZara has archived tremendous success with its retail stores over the world. So should it expanses on the online market?The yes sideZara could get in touch with foreign markets that have not been reached so far.Improvement in customer satisfaction will lead to better reputation.Using internet based sales can be considered a good way of advertisement.Providing opportunity for customer to check new products.Earn more profit from selling rather than focus on retail stores.Easier to get feedbacks and requests from customers on specific or general products.The no sideCost associated with delivery will become a huge burden for business.More sophisticated in management.Heavily investment on Information System / Technology is mandatory to gain benefits and overcome security issues.Increasing in threats of losing confidential information.Style copying from competitors is also a problem.Customer may not haveionate with this new type of transaction since most people prefer to try on products before making decision.CONCLUSIONTo conclude, the success of Zara is formed by the outstanding management in supply chance and processes and the brilliant in implementation of Information System. By understanding deeply the use and meaning of Information System, Zara has applied and modify its use to build up the certain victory in this highly competition environment. However, Zara should think of improvements in suitable Information System and Technology to gain more competition advantages in the future.REFERENCE LISTBarnes, L., Lea-Greenwood, G. (2006, July). Fast fashioning the supply chain shaping the research agenda. Journal of Fashion Marketing Management, 10(3), 259-271, note Source Complete, EBSCOhost, ISSN 13612026, Viewed 15 April 2009.Clive, Edwards, Sore Wars Fast Fashion, BBC learning.Creating agile supply chains in the fashion industry. (2004). International Journal of Retail Distribution Management, Retrieved April 28, 2009, E-Journals, EBSCOhost, ISSN 09590552, Viewed 15 April 2009.Echikson, W (2000), The Mark Of Zara, Issue 3683, 29 May, p98 100, 2p. Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost, ISSN 00077135, Viewed 10 April 2009.Ferdows, K, Lewis, M , Machuca, J (2004) Harvard Business Review, Academic Search complete Nov2004, Vol. 82 Issue 11, p104-110. Viewed 15 April 2009.Ferdows, K., Lewis, M., Machuca, J. (2003). Zara. Supply Chain Forum International Journal 2003, Vol. 4 Issue 2, p62-66, 5p, 1 graph, 3 bw, Business Source Complete, -EBSCOhost , ISSN 16246039, viewed 20 April 2009.Ferdows, K., Lewis, M., Machuca, J. (2004). Rapid-Fire Fulf illment. Harvard Business Review, 82(11), 104-110. Retrieved April 28, 2009, Health Business Fulltext Elite, EBSCOhost, ISSN 00178012, Viewed 15 April 2009.Folpe, Jane M (2000), Zara Has a Made-to-Order Plan for Success, Vol. 142 Issue 5, April, p80-80, Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost, ISSN 00158259. Viewed 15 April 2009.How Zara fashions its supply chain Home is where the heart is. (2005). Strategic Direction, Retrieved April 28, 2009, E-Journals, EBSCOhost, ISSN 02580543, Viewed 15 April 2009.Inditex 2007, Annual Report 2007.Inditex 2008 Press Kit (2008).Jessup, L. and Valcich, J. (2008), Information System Today Managing in The Digital World, 3rd Ed, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.McAfee, A. (2004). Do You wee Too Much IT?. MIT Sloan Management Review, 45(3), 18-22., Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, ISSN 15329194, viewed 20 April 2009.Textile and apparel supply chain management in Hong Kong. (2006). International Journal of clothe Science and Technology, Retrieved April 28, 2009, E-Journals, EBSCOhost, ISSN 09556222, Viewed 15 April 2009.The future of fast fashion. (2005). Economist, June 18, Vol. 375 Issue 8431, p57-58, 2p, 1 graph, 1 color, Humanities International Complete, EBSCOhost, ISSN 0013061, Viewed 20April 2009.APPENDIXAppendex 1Zaras Architectural team (Inditexs one-year report 2007, p.34)Appendix 2Inditexs conferences (Inditexs annual report 2007, p.132)Appendix 3Computer room in headquarter in Spain (BBC-Store Wars)How Light Reacts Through Different Mediums auditionHow Light Reacts Through Different Mediums ExperimentAudry AlburquerqueAbstractThe goal of this experiment was to determine how does on the loose(p) react when it travels through different mediums. The student had to answer one question How does light react as it goes through lenses and as it traverses liquids? And her possible hypotheses were If I use the Geometric Optics program to see how light reacts when passing through different lenses, then I will see that light either converges, concave lenses, or diverges, concave lenses, because light either reflects or refracts and If I use plication Light software to see how light reacts when passing through a fluid, then I will be able to see that it gas embolism depending on the angle because of the law of refraction and the indicant of refraction. In an experiment in which the student used the Geometric Optics program and the plication Light program, she reason out that her hypothesis was right, because as she changed the mediums in the virtual lab, lights direction changed.Lab 12.8 LightDuring this experiment, the student had to find out how does light react as it goes through lenses and as it traverses liquids. In order to answer this question, she created two hypotheses If I use the Geometric Optics program to see how light reacts when passing through different lenses, then I will see that light either converges, concave lenses, or diverges, concave lenses, because light either reflects or refracts and If I use Bending Light software to see how light reacts when passing through a fluid, then I will be able to see that it bends depending on the angle because of the law of refraction and the index of refraction.The relationship between the focal length f, pic distance di, and target area distance do is a convention 1/ do + 1/di = 1/f. In a spherical mirror, an object or image behind the mirror has negative distance and is virtual.The focal length of a convex mirror is negative and the image distance is always negative. An object placedfarther or closer than the focal point in front of a convex mirror produces a reduced, upright, virtual image. An object that is closer to the concave mirror than the focal point always produces an enlarged and virtual image. An object that is beyond the focal point always produces an inverted, real image. Rays of light that pass through the convex lens move closer together or converge. Rays of light that pass through the concave lens spread out or diverge. (Nirenberg, Kim, Kim, Sect. 20.2) The Lensmakers equation is P = 1/f = (n-1) (1/R1 1/R2 + (n-1) d/nR1R1). The spherometer consists of a base circle of three outer legs, a ring, or the equivalent, having a known radius of the base circle, a central leg, and a reading device for measuring the distance the central leg is moved.(Wikipedia, 2014) Three principal rays form part in the construction of ray diagrams for convex mirrors a ray that would pass through the focal point is reflected parallel to the principal axis a ray that is parallel to the principal axis reflects as if in line with the focal point a ray that would pass through the center of curvature is reflected back upon itself. (Nirenberg, Kim, Kim, Sect. 20.2) The minimum value that the index of refraction can have is 1. The index of refraction of air is 1.000293, water 1.3330, ordinary glass 1.50, and polycarbonate plastic 1.5849. (Wikipedia, 2014) The speed of light in a vacuum is 3.00 x 108 m/s. (Nirenberg, Kim, Kim, Sect. 19.4) The relationship between the speed of light and the index of refraction is the formula n = c/v. (HyperPhysics, 2012)MethodsThe student used a computer, Geometric Optics manikin program, and Bending light simulation program. She ran both programs http//phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/geometric-optics and http//phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/bending-light and tried to learn how to use them. The student analyzed the differences that exist between a real image and a virtual image. Later, using the ruler, she gathered data to solve for focal distance and magnification of the lens using the mirror formula. Later she opened http//phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/bending-light and familiarized with the program. She recorded what happened when she changed the index of refraction of one or two materials. The student also analyzed which tool was better for measuring angles, and what radiation was better also for the angles. After following each possible ste p properly, the class ended, so the student had to continue her methods at her house on the following days.Results/Data Collection/CalculationsLenss refractive index (n) 1.8 and the radius of curvature (R) 0.7m.1/ do + 1/di = 1/f = 1/120.0cm +1/66.0cm = 0.023cm-1 = 43.5cmM = -di/do = -66.0cm/120.0cm = -0.5501/ do + 1/di = 1/f = 1/90.0cm + 1/81.0cm = 0.023cm-1 = 43.5cmM = -di/do = -81.0cm/90.0cm = -0.9001/ do + 1/di = 1/f = 1/60.0cm + 1/148.9cm = 0.023cm-1 = 43.5cmM = -di/do = -148.9cm/60.0cm = -2.481/ do + 1/di = 1/f = 1/30.0cm + 1/-88.0cm = 0.022cm-1 = 45.5cmM = -di/do = 88.0cm/30.0cm = 2.931/ do + 1/di = 1/f = 1/15.0cm + 1/-11.9cm = -0.017cm-1 = -58.8cmM = -di/do = 11.9cm/15.0cm = 0.793Lenss refractive index (n) 1.25 and the radius of curvature (R) 0.80m1/ do + 1/di = 1/f = 1/120.0 + 1/130.0cm = 0.016cm-1 = 62.5cmM = -di/do = -130.0cm/120.0cm = -1.0831/ do + 1/di = 1/f = 1/90.0cm + 1/110cm = 0.020cm-1 = 50cmM = -di/do = -110cm/90.0cm = -1.221/ do + 1/di = 1/f = 1/60.0cm + 1/80.0cm = 0.029cm-1 = 34.5cmM = -di/do = -80.0cm/60.0cm = -1.331/ do + 1/di = 1/f = 1/30.0cm + 1/45.0cm = 0.056cm-1 = 17.9cmM = -di/do = -45.0cm/30.0cm = -1.501/ do + 1/di = 1/f = 1/15.0cm + 1/30.0cm = 0.100cm-1 = 10cmM = -di/do = -30.0cm/15.0cm = -2.00 analysis/Discussion/ConclusionThe main goal of this experiment was to determine how does light react when it travels through different mediums. After she finished the experiment, she learned how light reacts as it goes through lenses and liquids. The student realized that both of her hypothesis were right If I use the Geometric Optics program to see how light reacts when passing through different lenses, then I will see that light either converges, concave lenses, or diverges, concave lenses, because light either reflects or refracts and If I use Bending Light software to see how light reacts when passing through a fluid, then I will be able to see that it bends depending on the angle because of the law of refraction and the index of refrac tion. Her conclusion was that these hypotheses were right because light does not behave the same through different materials, and the bending of the light that she predicted in her hypotheses matched with the virtual lab. The student learned that with the increasing of the index of refraction of a material, the focal distance decreased. In the Bending Light part when she had to measure angles, the protractor was the best tool. Geometric Optics and Bending Light programs are a little complex, but they are helpful when it comes to understanding how does light act depending on the circumstances.ReferencesBoundless. (2014). The Lensmakers Equation. Boundless. Retrieved from https//www.boundless.com/ physical science/geometric-optics/lenses/the-lensmaker-s-equation/HyperPhysics. (2012). Refraction of Light. C.R. Nave. Retrieved from http//hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/geoopt/refr.htmlNirenberg, I., Kim, J., Kim, J. (2013). CK-12 physics intermediate. CK-12 Foundation. Retrieved f rom http//www.ck12.org/book/CK-12-PhysicsIntermediate/r12/section/20.0/Oocities.org. (2014). Ray Diagrams Pics. Oocities.org. Retrieved from http//www.oocities.org/rjwarren_stm/2P4/RayDiagramsPics.gifPhet. (2013). Geometric optics. University of Colorado. Retrieved from http//phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/geometric-opticsPhet. (2013). Bending light. University of Colorado. Retrieved from http//phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/bending-lightWikipedia. (January 28, 2014). List of refractive indices. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Retrieved from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_refractive_indicesListWikipedia. (November 18, 2013). Spherometer. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Retrieved from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherometer